Inactive-Reserved Standard

IEEE 81-2012

IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System

Practical test methods and techniques are presented for measuring the electrical characteristics of grounding systems. Topics addressed include safety considerations, measuring earth resistivity, measuring the power system frequency resistance or impedance of the ground system to remote earth, measuring the transient or surge impedance of the ground system to remote earth, measuring step and touch voltages, verifying the integrity of the grounding system, reviewing common methods for performing ground testing, reviewing instrumentation characteristics and limitations, and reviewing various factors that can distort test measurements.

Standard Committee
PE/SUB - Substations Committee
Status
Inactive-Reserved Standard
PAR Approval
2010-06-17
Superseding
81-1983
Board Approval
2012-12-05
History
ANSI Approved:
2014-10-03
Published:
2012-12-28
Inactivated Date:
2023-03-30

Working Group Details

Society
IEEE Power and Energy Society
Standard Committee
PE/SUB - Substations Committee
Working Group
WGG6 - WGG6 - Grounding System Measurements in Substations
IEEE Program Manager
Patricia Roder
Contact Patricia Roder
Working Group Chair
Carl Moller

Other Activities From This Working Group

Current projects that have been authorized by the IEEE SA Standards Board to develop a standard.


P81
IEEE Draft Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System

Practical test methods and techniques are presented for measuring the electrical characteristics of grounding systems. Topics addressed include safety considerations, measuring earth resistivity, measuring the power system frequency resistance or impedance of the ground system to remote earth, measuring the transient or surge impedance of the ground system to remote earth, measuring touch and step voltages, verifying the integrity of the grounding system, reviewing common methods for performing ground testing, reviewing instrumentation characteristics and limitations, and reviewing various factors that can distort test measurements.

Learn More About P81

Standards approved by the IEEE SA Standards Board that are within the 10-year lifecycle.


No Active Standards

These standards have been replaced with a revised version of the standard, or by a compilation of the original active standard and all its existing amendments, corrigenda, and errata.


693-1997
IEEE Recommended Practices for Seismic Design of Substations

Superseded by IEEE Std 693-2005 Recommendations for seismic design of substations, including qualification of each equipmenttype, are discussed. Design recommendations consist of seismic criteria, qualification methods and levels,structural capacities, performance requirements for equipment operation, installation methods, anddocumentation.

Learn More About 693-1997

These standards have been removed from active status through a ballot where the standard is made inactive as a consensus decision of a balloting group.


81.2-1991
IEEE Guide for Measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended or Interconnected Grounding Systems

Practical instrumentation methods are presented for measuring the ac characteristics of large, extended or interconnected grounding systems. Measurements of impedance to remote earth, step and touch potentials, and current distributions are covered for grounding systems ranging in complexity from small grids (less than 900m 2), with only a few connected overhead or direct burial bare concentric (2) neutrals, to large grids (greater than 20 000m 2), with many connected neutrals, overhead ground wires (sky wires), counterpoises, grid tie conductors, cable shields, and metallic pipes. This standard addresses measurement safety; earth-return mutual errors; low-current measurements; power-system staged faults; communication and control cable transfer impedance; current distribution (current splits) in the grounding system; step, touch, mesh, and profile measurements; the foot-equivalent electrode earth resistance; and instrumentation characteristics and limitations.

Learn More About 81.2-1991

These standards are removed from active status through an administrative process for standards that have not undergone a revision process within 10 years.


No Inactive-Reserved Standards
Subscribe to our Newsletter

Sign up for our monthly newsletter to learn about new developments, including resources, insights and more.