IEEE 802.15.4w-2020 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks--Amendment 2: Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Extension to the Low-Energy Critical Infrastructure Monitoring (LECIM) Physical Layer (PHY)

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Standard Details

The existing low-energy critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM) frequency shift keying (FSK) physical layer of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2020 is extended to be more robust in the presence of interference and achieve higher link budgets for applications in low power wide area networks (LPWAN). Lower symbol rates and a split mode with low-rate forward error correction (FEC) codes are introduced to achieve this goal.

Sponsor Committee	C/LM - LAN/MAN Standards Committee
Status	Active
Board Approval	2020-06-04
History	Published Date:2020-09-25

Additional Resources Details

Pars	Approved PAR

Working Group Details

Working Group	802.15 WG - Wireless Specialty Networks (WSN) Working Group
Working Group Chair	PATRICK KINNEY
Sponsor Committee	C/LM - LAN/MAN Standards Committee
Society	IEEE Computer Society
IEEE Program Manager	Christy Bahn
Existing Standards	Inactive-Withdrawn IEEE 802.15.2-2003 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Information technology -- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements -- Part 15.2: Coexistence of Wireless Personal Area Networks with Other Wireless Devices Operating in Unlicensed Frequency Bands This recommended practice addresses the issue of coexistence of wireless local area networks and wireless personal area networks. These wireless networks often operate in the same unlicensed band. This recommended practice describes coexistence mechanisms that can be used to facilitate coexistence of wireless local area networks (i.e., IEEE Std 802.11b-1999) and wireless personal area networks (i.e., IEEE Std 802.15.1-2002).
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4-2003 - IEEE Standard for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - LAN/MAN Specific Requirements - Part 15: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) Superseded by IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006 IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 defined the protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low- data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN). This revision extends the market applicability of IEEE Std 802.15.4, removes ambiguities in the standard, and makes improvements revealed by implementations of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003.
	Inactive-Withdrawn IEEE 802.15.1-2005 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.1a: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) Methods for communicating devices in a Personal Area Network.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.3b-2005 - IEEE Standard for IEEE Amendment to Part 15.3: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for High Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN): Amendment to MAC Sublayer This amendment provides corrections and optimizations to IEEE Std 802.15.3-2003. The management service access points (SAPs) have been completely updated to create a consistent, logical interface. As a consequence, most of the message sequence charts (MSCs) in the medium access control (MAC) functional specification have been updated as well. Channel time usage is more efficient with the addition of multiple contention periods, releasing channel time, implied acknowledgment, and multicast groups. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4a-2007 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs): Amendment 1: Add Alternate PHYs This standard defines the protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low-data-rate, low-power and low-complexity, short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
	Inactive-Reserved IEEE 802.15.5-2009 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Information technology-- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements Part 15.5: Mesh Topology Capability in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) The scope is to provide a recommended practice to provide the architectural framework enabling WPAN devices to promote interoperable, stable, and scalable wireless mesh topologies and, if needed, to provide the amendment text to the current WPAN standards that is required to implement this recommended practice.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4-2006 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 defined the protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low-data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN). This revision extends the market applicability of IEEE Std 802.15.4, removes ambiguities in the standard, and makes improvements revealed by implementations of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.3c-2009 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.3: Amendment 2: Millimeter-wave-based Alternative Physical Layer Extension This amendment defines and alternative physical layer (PHY) for IEEE Std 802.15.3-2003. Three PHY modes have been defined that enable data rates in excess of 5 Gb/s using the 60 GHz band. A beam forming protocol has been defined to improve the range of communicating devices. Aggregation and block acknowledgment have been defined to improve the medium access control (MAC) efficiency at the high data rates provided for by the PHY.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4d-2009 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.4: Amendment 3: Alternative Physical Layer Extension to support the Japanese 950 MHz bands This amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006 is limited to defining a new PHY and such changes to the MAC as are necessary to support a new frequency allocation (950 MHz) in Japan. The amendment shall completely follow the new technical conditions described in Japanese ministerial ordinance. The amendment shall coexist with passive tag systems in the band.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4c-2009 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.4: Amendment 2: Alternative Physical Layer Extension to support one or more of the Chinese 314-316 MHz, 430-434 MHz, and 779-787 MHz bands This amendment defines alternate PHY and modifications to the MAC needed to support the PHY that complies with the applicable Chinese regulations, Radio Management of P. R. of China doc. # 6326360786867187500 or current document, for one or more of the 314-316 MHz, 430-434 MHz, and 779-787 MHz frequency bands.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4j-2013 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 4: Alternative Physical Layer Extension to Support Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) Services Operating in the 2360 MHz ? 2400 MHz Band In this amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2011, a physical layer for IEEE 802.15.4 in the 2360 MHz to 2400 MHz band which complies with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) MBAN rules is defined. Modifications to the MAC needed to support this new physical layer are also defined in this amendment.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4k-2013 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks? Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)?Amendment 5: Physical Layer Specifications for Low Energy, Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Networks. Two PHYs (DSSS and FSK) that support critical infrastructure monitoring applications are provided in this amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2011. In addition, only those MAC modifications needed to support the implementation of the two PHYs are described in this amendment.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4-2011 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) The protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low-data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) were defined in IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006. In this revision, the market applicability of IEEE Std 802.15.4 is extended, the ambiguities in the standard are removed, and the improvements learned from implementations of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006 are included.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4e-2012 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC sublayer IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011 is amended by this standard. The intention of this amendment is to enhance and add functionality to the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC to (a) better support the industrial markets and (b) permit compatibility with modifications being proposed within the Chinese WPAN.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4f-2012 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-- Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 2: Active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System Physical Layer (PHY) This amendment provides two PHYs (MSK and LRP UWB) that can be used in a wide range of applications requiring various combinations of low cost, low energy consumption, multiyear battery life, reliable communications, precision location, and reader options. This PHY standard supports the performance and flexibility needed for future mass deployments of highly populated autonomous active RFID systems anywhere in the world.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4g-2012 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 3: Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Data-Rate, Wireless, Smart Metering Utility Networks In this amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011, outdoor low-data-rate, wireless, smart metering utility network requirements are addressed. Alternate PHYs are defined as well as only those MAC modifications needed to support their implementation.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.7-2011 - IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Using Visible Light A PHY and a MAC layer for short-range optical wireless communications using visible light in optically transparent media are defined. The visible light spectrum extends from 380 nm to 780 nm in wavelength. The standard is capable of delivering data rates sufficient to support audio and video multimedia services and also considers mobility of the visible link, compatibility with visible-light infrastructures, impairments due to noise and interference from sources like ambient light and a MAC layer that accommodates visible links. The standard adheres to applicable eye safety regulations. (The PDF of this standard is available for free download compliments of the IEEE GET Program. For more details go to https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page)
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4m-2014 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) - Amendment 6: TV White Space Between 54 MHz and 862 MHz Physical Layer In this amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4(TM)-2011, outdoor low-data-rate, wireless, television white space (TVWS) network requirements are addressed. Alternate physical layers (PHYs) are defined as well as only the medium access control (MAC) modifications needed to support their implementation.
	Active IEEE 802.15.6-2012 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks Short-range, wireless communications in the vicinity of, or inside, a human body (but not limited to humans) are specified in this standard. It uses existing industrial scientific medical (ISM) bands as well as frequency bands approved by national medical and/or regulatory authorities. Support for quality of service (QoS), extremely low power, and data rates up to 10 Mbps is required while simultaneously complying with strict non-interference guidelines where needed. This standard considers effects on portable antennas due to the presence of a person (varying with male, female, skinny, heavy, etc.), radiation pattern shaping to minimize the specific absorption rate (SAR) into the body, and changes in characteristics as a result of the user motions. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page compliments of the IEEE GET program.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4n-2016 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks -- Amendment 1: Physical Layer Utilizing China Medical Bands The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of the People?s Republic of China has approved the 174--216 MHz, 407--425 MHz, and 608--630 MHz bands for medical information transmission. China medical band (CMB) devices operating within these bands conform to a set of rules specified in MIIT Doc 423-2005, which restricts use of the band to only medical, non-voice use under direction of a healthcare practitioner, among other requirements. A physical layer (PHY) for devices operating on Chinese approved bands for medical signals is defined in this amendment.
	Active IEEE 802.15.8-2017 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Peer Aware Communications (PAC) Physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) mechanisms are defined in this standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) peer aware communications (PAC) optimized for peer-to-peer and infrastructure-less communications with fully distributed coordination. PAC features include discovery for peer information without association, discovery signaling rate typically greater than 100 kb/s, discovery of the number of devices in the network, scalable data transmission rates typically up to 10 Mb/s, group communications with simultaneous membership in multiple groups typically up to 10, relative positioning, security, and operation in selected globally available unlicensed/licensed bands below 11 GHz capable of supporting these requirements. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost to you compliments of the IEEE GET program https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8287782)
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4q-2016 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks --Amendment 2: Ultra-Low Power Physical Layer Two alternate physical layers (PHYs), TASK and RS-GFSK, are specified in this amendment in addition to the PHYs of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015. The amendment also defines the medium access control (MAC) modifications needed to support the implementation of the TASK and RS-GFSK PHYs. These alternate PHYs enable low-cost, ultra-low power consumption, as well as extended battery life, in various frequency bands and geographical regions under multiple regulatory domains.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4p-2014 - IEEE Standard for local and metropolitan area networks - Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) - Amendment 7: Physical Layer for Rail Communications and Control (RCC) This amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4(TM)-2011 specifies a PHY for use in equipment intended to address rail transportation industry needs and to meet US positive train control (PTC) regulatory requirements and similar regulatory requirements in other parts of the world. In addition, the amendment describes only those MAC changes needed to support this PHY.
	Active IEEE 802.15.10-2017 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Routing Packets in IEEE 802.15.4 Dynamically Changing Wireless Networks The routing of packets in dynamically changing wireless networks is facilitated in this recommended practice. The result is an extension of the area of coverage as the number of nodes increase. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost compliments of the IEEE GET program http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/)
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4-2015 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks The protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low-data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) are defined in this standard. A variety of physical layers (PHYs) have been defined that cover a wide variety of frequency bands.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4s-2018 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks Amendment 6: Enabling Spectrum Resource Measurement Capability Definitions of MAC related functions to enable spectrum resource management are addressed in this amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4?. It specifies the following: ? Spectrum resource measurements and network performance metrics, such as packet error ratio, delay, etc. ? Information elements and data structures to capture these measurements, ? Procedures for collecting and exchanging spectrum resource measurement information with higher layers or other devices.
	Active IEEE 802.15.3e-2017 - IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks--Amendment 1: High-Rate Close Proximity Point-to-Point Communications An alternative physical layer (PHY) and a modified medium access control (MAC) layer is defined in this amendment. Two PHY modes have been defined that enable data rates up to 100 Gb/s using the 60 GHz band. MIMO and aggregation methods have been defined to increase the maximum achievable communication speeds. Stack acknowledgment has been defined to improve the medium access control (MAC) efficiency when used in a point-to-point (P2P) topology between two devices. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost compliments of the IEEE GET program http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/)
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.9-2016 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Transport of Key Management Protocol (KMP) Datagrams A message exchange framework based on information elements as a transport method for key management protocol (KMP) datagrams and guidelines for the use of some existing KMPs with IEEE Std 802.15.4? are defined in the recommended practice. A new KMP is not created in this recommended practice. In support of KMP transmission and reception, a generic multiplexed data service layer that can be used to transmit large packets from the upper KMP to another peer is also provided in this recommended practice. The multiplexed data service provides a fragmentation and multiplexing layer for those packets so they can be delivered over smaller MAC layer frames and multiplexed on the recipient end to the right processing service. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost compliments of the IEEE GET program https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page)
	Active IEEE 802.15.3-2016 - IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks The protocol and compatible interconnection of data and multimedia communication equipment via 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz radio transmissions in a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) using low power and multiple modulation formats to support scalable data rates is defined in this standard. The Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer protocol supports both isochronous and asynchronous data types. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost compliments of the IEEE GET program at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page)
	Active IEEE 802.15.3d-2017 - IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks Amendment 2: 100 Gb/s Wireless Switched Point-to-Point Physical Layer An alternative physical layer (PHY) at the lower THz frequency range between 252 GHz and 325 GHz for switched point-to-point links is defined in this amendment. Two PHY modes are defined that enable data rates of up to 100 Gb/s using eight different bandwidths between 2.16 GHz and 69.12 GHz. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost to you thru the IEEE GET program http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8066474)
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4t-2017 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks--Amendment 4: Higher Rate (2 Mb/s) Physical (PHY) Layer This amendment defines a physical layer for IEEE Std 802.15.4(TM)-2015, capable of supporting 2 Mb/s data rates, utilizing the 2400-2483.5 MHz band, having backwards-compatibility to, and the same occupied bandwidth as, the present 2450 MHz O-QPSK physical layer, and capable of simple implementation. Target range should be at least 10 meters. This amendment defines modifications to the medium access control (MAC) sublayer needed to support this new physical layer.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4u-2016 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks--Amendment 3: Use of the 865 MHz to 867 MHz Band in India A physical (PHY) layer enabling the use of the 865 MHz to 867 MHz band in India is defined in this amendment. The supported data rate should be at least 40 kb/s and the typical line-of-sight range should be on the order of 5 km using an omni directional antenna. Included are any channel access and/or timing changes in the medium access control necessary to support this PHY layer.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4v-2017 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks - Amendment 5: Enabling/Updating the Use of Regional Sub-GHz Bands The smart utility network (SUN) physical layers (PHYs) in IEEE Std 802.15.4(TM)-2015 are changed by this amendment to enable the use of the 870--876 MHz and 915--921 MHz bands in Europe, the 902--928 MHz band in Mexico, the 902--907.5 MHz and 915--928 MHz bands in Brazil, and the 915--928 MHz band in Australia and New Zealand. Additional Asian regional frequency bands are also specified in this amendment. Furthermore, the amendment changes the channel parameters listed for the SUN PHYs, the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM) PHY, and the television white space (TVWS) PHY for the 470?510 MHz band in China and the 863--870 MHz band in Europe and aligns these channel parameters with regional requirements. The amendment includes channel access and/or timing changes to the medium access control (MAC) necessary for conformance to regional requirements for these bands.
	Active IEEE 802.15.7-2018 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.7: Short-Range Optical Wireless Communications A physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer for short-range optical wireless communications (OWC) in optically transparent media using light wavelengths from 10 000 nm to 190 nm are defined. The standard is capable of delivering data rates sufficient to support audio and video multimedia services and also considers mobility of the optical link, compatibility with various light infrastructures, impairments due to noise and interference from sources like ambient light, and a MAC sublayer that accommodates the unique needs of visible links as well as the other targeted light wavelengths. It also accommodates optical communications for cameras where transmitting devices incorporate light-emitting sources and receivers are digital cameras with a lens and image sensor. The standard adheres to applicable eye safety regulations. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost compliments of the IEEE GET program at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68.)
	Active IEEE 802.15.3f-2017 - IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks Amendment 3: Extending the Physical Layer (PHY) Specification for Millimeter Wave to Operate from 57.0 GHz to 71 GHz Extend the RF channelization of the millimeter wave PHY to allow for use of the spectrum up to 71 GHz.
	Active IEEE 802.15.4-2020 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks The physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer specifications for low-data-rate wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices with no battery or very limited battery consumption requirements are defined in this standard. In addition, the standard provides modes that allow for precision ranging. PHYs are defined for devices operating in a variety of geographic regions. (The PDF of the standard is available at no cost at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68 compliments of the IEEE GET program)
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4-2015/Cor 1-2018 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks Corrigendum 1 Errors, inconsistencies, and ambiguities in IEEE Std 802.15.4?-2015 are corrected in this corrigendum.
	Active IEEE 802.15.10a-2019 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Routing Packets in IEEE 802.15.4(TM) Dynamically Changing Wireless Networks - Amendment 1: Fully Defined Use of Addressing and Route Information Currently in IEEE Std 802.15.10 This amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.10 fully defines how the addressing and route information (already defined in the recommended practice) are to be used by the routing modes (also currently defined in the recommended practice), including at least the following: end-to-end (E2E) acknowledgment from mesh route in non-storing mode; peer-to-peer (P2P) routing using a combination of up/down routing in non-storing mode; on-demand P2P routing for E2E acknowledgment in non-storing mode; on-demand path storing when sending unicast in non-storing mode.
	Superseded IEEE 802.15.4x-2019 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks - Amendment 7: Defining Enhancements to the Smart Utility Network (SUN) Physical Layers (PHYs) Supporting up to 2.4 Mb/s Data Rates Enhancements to the IEEE 802.15.4(TM) smart utility network (SUN) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) physical layers (PHYs) that enable support for data rates up to 2.4 Mb/s are defined by this amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4(TM)-2015. This amendment also defines additional channel plans, as needed, to support emerging applications.
	Active IEEE 802.15.4y-2021 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks Amendment 3: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-256 Encryption and Security Extensions This amendment defines security extensions to IEEE Std 802.15.4 adding AES-256-CCM plus a cipher suite/authentication method registry and a process for inclusion of additional algorithms. The registry defines a capability to align IEEE Std 802.15.4 with the security requirements of higher layer standards.
	Active IEEE 802.15.9-2021 - IEEE Approved Draft Standard for Transport of Key Management Protocol (KMP) Datagrams This standard defines a message exchange framework based on information elements as a transport method for key management protocol (KMP) datagrams and guidelines for the use of some existing KMPs with IEEE Std 802.15.4?. A new KMP is not created in this standard. In support of KMP transmission and reception, a generic multiplexed data service layer that can be used to transmit large packets from the upper KMP to another peer and that provides for protocol discrimination is also provided in this standard. The multiplexed data service provides a fragmentation and multiplexing layer for those packets so they can be delivered over smaller MAC layer frames and multiplexed on the recipient end to the right processing service. The multiplexing provides for EtherType protocol discrimination.
	Active IEEE/ISO/IEC 8802-15-6-2017 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 15-6: Wireless body area network Short-range, wireless communications in the vicinity of, or inside, a human body (but not limited to humans) are specified in this standard. It uses existing industrial scientific medical (ISM) bands as well as frequency bands approved by national medical and/or regulatory authorities. Support for quality of service (QoS), extremely low power, and data rates up to 10 Mbps is required while simultaneously complying with strict non-interference guidelines where needed. This standard considers effects on portable antennas due to the presence of a person (varying with male, female, skinny, heavy, etc.), radiation pattern shaping to minimize the specific absorption rate (SAR) into the body, and changes in characteristics as a result of the user motions.
	Active IEEE/ISO/IEC 8802-15-3-2017 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 15-3: High data rate wireless multi-media networks The protocol and compatible interconnection of data and multimedia communication equipment via 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz radio transmissions in a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) using low power and multiple modulation formats to support scalable data rates is defined in this standard. The Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer protocol supports both isochronous and asynchronous data types.
	Active IEEE 802.15.4z-2020 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks--Amendment 1: Enhanced Ultra Wideband (UWB) Physical Layers (PHYs) and Associated Ranging Techniques This amendment enhances the UWB PHYs with additional coding options and improvements to increase the integrity and accuracy of ranging measurements. It also enhances the MAC to support control of time-of-flight ranging procedures and exchange ranging related information between the participating ranging devices. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost to you compliments of the IEEE GET program https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68)