The usual program of testing a transformer shall include some or all of the following tests: Resistance Measurements (see Section 2) Dielectric Insulation (see Section 3) Losses and Impedance (see Section 4) Ratio and Regulation (see Section 5) Temperature Rise (see Section 6) Polarity and Phase Relation (see Section 8) Short-Circuit Calculations (see Section 9) 1.2 In this standard an effort is made to use a uniform set of symbols, without, however, sacrificing simplicity or clarity. The main symbols shall be as follows: