IEEE Std 1159-1995 IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality -Description
Abstract: The monitoring of electric power quality of ac power systems, definitions of power quality terminology, impact of poor power quality on utility and customer equipment, and the measurement of electromagnetic phenomena are covered.
Keywords: data interpretation, electric power quality, electromagnetic phenomena, monitoring, power quality definitions
Content
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
2. References
3. Definitions
3.1 Terms used in this recommended practice
3.2 Avoided terms
3.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations
4. Power quality phenomena
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility
4.3 General classification of phenomena
4.4 Detailed descriptions of phenomena
4.4.1 Transients
4.4.2 Short-duration variations
4.4.3 Long duration variations
4.4.4 Voltage imbalance
4.4.5 Waveform distortion
4.4.6 Voltage fluctuations
4.4.7 Power frequency variations
5. Monitoring objectives
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Need for monitoring power quality
5.3 Equipment tolerances and effects of disturbances on equipment
5.4 Equipment types
5.5 Effect on equipment by phenomena type
5.5.1 Transients
5.5.2 Short duration variations
5.5.3 Long duration variations
5.5.4 Voltage imbalance
5.5.5 Waveform distortion
5.5.6 Voltage fluctuations
5.5.7 Power-frequency variations
6. Measurement instruments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 AC voltage measurements
6.3 AC current measurements
6.4 Voltage and current considerations
6.4.1 True-rms readings
6.4.2 Current transformers
6.5 Monitoring instruments
6.5.1 Oscilloscopes
6.5.2 Disturbance monitors
6.6 Instrument power
6.6.1 Power supply and monitoring compatibility
6.6.2 DC power
7. Application techniques
7.1 Safety
7.1.1 Hard-wired connections
7.1.2 Plug- and receptacle-type connections
7.1.3 Guarding of live parts
7.1.4 Monitor placement
7.1.5 Grounding
7.1.6 Sense lead overcurrent protection or current limiting
7.1.7 Routing of sense cables (strain relief)
7.2 Monitoring location
7.2.1 Objective
7.2.2 Knowledge of the electrical circuit
7.2.3 Diagnosing an equipment performance problem
7.2.4 Facility power quality survey
7.2.5 IEEE Std 519-1992
7.2.6 PT and CT specifications
7.3 Equipment connection
7.3.1 Sense inputs
7.3.2 Ground terminals
7.3.3 Instrument power and invasive monitoring
7.3.4 Hard-wired connections
7.3.5 Plug and receptacle type connections
7.3.6 Quality of voltage sense connections
7.3.7 Current monitoring
7.4 Monitoring thresholds
7.4.1 Objectives
7.4.2 Preparation
7.4.3 Electrical environment considerations
7.4.4 Equipment susceptibility considerations
7.4.5 Current considerations
7.4.6 Monitor thresholds summary
7.5 Monitoring period
7.5.1 Objective
7.5.2 Baseline power monitoring
7.5.3 Problem solving monitoring
7.5.4 Power study monitoring
8. Interpreting power monitoring results
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Interpreting data summaries
8.2.1 Summary preparation
8.2.2 Summary reality check
8.2.3 Interpreting summaries
8.3 Critical data extraction
8.3.1 Determining critical events from multiple disturbances
8.3.2 Event reality check
8.4 Interpreting critical events
8.4.1 Signature analysis
8.4.2 Steady-state waveshape analysis
8.4.3 Waveshape disturbance analysis
8.4.4 Sag/swell analysis
8.4.5 High frequency analysis
8.4.6 Harmonic analysis
8.4.7 Pattern recognition
8.4.8 Discontinuities
8.5 Verifying data interpretation
8.5.1 Post-monitoring for verification
8.5.2 Post-monitoring for system interaction
Annex A Calibration and self testing
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Calibration issues
A.2.1 Drift rate
A.2.2 Temperature coefficient
A.2.3 Where to calibrate
A.2.4 Calibration intervals
A.2.5 Calibration points
A.2.6 Self testing
A.2.7 Practical field checks
Annex B Bibliography
B.1 Definitions and general
B.1.1 Introductory
B.1.2 In-depth overview
B.2 Susceptibility and symptoms—voltage disturbances and harmonics
